August 3, 2012

Long-Distance Distress Signal from Periphery of Injured Nerve Cells Begins with Locally Made Protein




Long-Distance Distress Signal from Periphery of Injured Nerve Cells Begins with Locally Made Protein

When the longest cells in the body are injured at their farthest reaches, coordinating the cells’ repair is no easy task. This is in part because these peripheral nerve cells can be extremely long – up to one meter in adult humans – which is a lot of distance for a molecular distress signal to cover in order to reach the “command center” of the cell’s nucleus.

Scientists have believed this process to be even more challenging because their textbook understanding for many years has been that the axons – the long extensions of nerve cells away from the main cell body containing the nucleus – do not manufacture the proteins involved in the molecular signal themselves. Yet, in recent years, some scientists have begun to challenge that textbook understanding, with preliminary evidence that one key protein involved in setting off a distress signal for cellular repair, known as importin beta1, was locally produced in the axons. They just weren’t sure how.

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